Tooth color guide



Oct. 9, 1956 u E. H. BLOOM ET AL 2,765,534

TOOTH COLOR GUIDE Filed Jan. 21, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

ELI H BLQOM A04 RY H. KBFLHH ATTORNEY Get. 9, 1956 E. H. BLOOM ETAL2,765,534

TOOTH COLOR GUIDE Filed Jan. 21, 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 JNVENTOR.

EL! H- 9Loom BY HENKY H- KHPLJQN A T TOP/U5 V L 1956 E. H. BLOOM EI'AL2,765,534

TOOTH COLOR GUIDE Filed Jan. 21, 1955 3 sheets-sheet s INVENTOR. Ekl H-BLoom y HENRY H F HPLAN ATTORNEY United States Patent 'Ofice 2,765,534Patented Oct. 9, 1956 TOOTH COLOR GUIDE Eli H. Bloom, Philadelphia, andHenry H. Kaplan, Overhrook Hills, Pa., assignors to Universal DentalCompany, Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania ApplicationJanuary 21, 1955', Serial No. 483,241

Claims. (CI. 32-71) This invention relates generally to dental devicesand is concerned more particularly with a tooth shade guide employed bydentists in determining by comparison the particular shade of artificialstock teeth that may be substituted for the natural teeth of thepatient.

A principal object of the present invention is to provide an improvedtooth shade guide wherein as the tooth mounting members .are racked inthe holder they are automatically secured against accidentaldisplacement by the interengageinent of means associated directlyrespectively with the tooth mounting members and the main body of theholder, without the intervention of any auxiliary member, such as, forexample, a spring.

Another object of the present invention is to provide such a tooth shadeguide in the form of a plural number of holders each of which may beused separately, and all of which may be used as a unitary devicewherein the holders may be fanned out when in use and compactly stackedwhen not in use.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide such a toothshade guide which is exceedingly simple in design and construction andwhich is comparatively simple and inexpensive to manufacture.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear morefully hereinafter, it being understood that said invention consistssubstantially in the combination, construction, location and generalarrangement of parts, all as described in detail in the followingspecification, as shown in the accompanying drawings and as fullypointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a tooth shade guide embodying thepresent invention, the device being shown in its stacked condition whennot in use;

Figure 2 is the same as Figure 1 but the device is shown in its expandedor fanned out condition when in use;

Figure 3 is a vertical section on line 3-3 of Figure 1;

Figure 3A is a fragmentary View similar to Figure 3 showing in brokenlines the tooth mounting members only partially engaged with theholders;

Figure 4 is an enlarged horizontal section on line 4-4 of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is similar to Figure 3 but shows, in disassembled condition,only the main body pants of the holders;

Figures 6 and 7 are views looking at the surfaces of the main body partsof the iforwardmost holder, being elevations respectively on lines 6-6and 7-7 of Figure 5;

Figures 8 and 9 are enlarged sections respectively on line 8-8 of Figure7 and line 9-9 of Figure 6;

Figure 10 is a front elevation of a tooth mounting member for use withthe forwardmost holder;

Figure 11 is a side elevation of the tooth mounting member shown inFigure 10;

Figures 12 and 13 are radial sections respectively on line 12-12 ofFigure 6 and line 13-13 of Figure 7;

Figures 14 and 15 are enlarged sections respectively on line 14-14 ofFigure 7 and line 15-15 of Figure 6;

Figures 16 and 17 are views looking at the opposed surfaces of the mainbody parts of the rearwardmost holder, being elevations respectively onlines 16-16 and 17-17 of Figure 5;

Figures 18 and 19 are enlarged sections respectively on line 18-18 ofFigure 17 and line 19-19 of Figure 16;

Figure 20 is a front elevation of a tooth mounting member for use withthe rearwardmost holder;

Figure 21 is a side elevation of the tooth mounting member shown inFigure 20;

Figures 22 and 23 are radial sections respectively on line 22-22 ofFigure 16 and line 23-23 of Figure 17; and

Figures 24 and 25 are enlarged sections respectively on lines 24-24 ofFigure 17 and line 25-25 of Figure 16.

Referring to the drawings, and particularly to Figures 1 through 15, the{tooth shade guide of the present invention comprises a holderdesignated 10 which has a generally circular cover plate designated 11.The cover plate 11 has a relatively thin principal wall area designated12 which is bounded by a peripheral bottom edge 13 that extends throughan arc of approximately and .by a peripheral top edge 14 that extendsthrough a reduced radius arc of approximately 220 and terminates inoutwardly extending peripheral edges 15-15 connecting the top edge '14with the bottom edge 13.

Extending rearwardly from the wall area 12 perpendicularly to the planethereof is a rib designated 16 which arches about the center of thecover plate 11 through an arc of approximately 220, as at 17; divergesalong straight lines downwardly and outwardly in opposite directionsalong the edges 15-15 of the wall area 12, as at 18-18; and thenconverges downwardly and inwardly in opposite directions along thebottom edge 13 of the wall area 12, as at 19-19, finally merging with around boss 20 that extends rearwardly from the bottommost portion of thewall area 12 perpendicularly to the plane thereof. The section of thewall area 12 disposed above the arcuate rib portion 17 and thecontiguous rib portions 18-13 is referred to hereinafter as the uppersec-tion of the wall area 12, while the section of the wall area 12below the rib portions aforesaid is referred to as the lower section ofthe wall area 12.

Extending over the top and downwardly on opposite sides of the uppersection of the wall area 12 in a plane parallel to and disposed inrearwardly spaced relation to the wall area 12 is an auxiliary wall area21 the inner peripheral edge 22 of which extends along an arc havingsubstantially the same radius as the top edge 14 of the upper section ofthe wall area 12, and the outer peripheral edge 23 of which extendsalong an are having a radius somewhat shorter than that of the bottomedge 13 of the wall area 12. While the outer edge 23 of the arcuatelyshaped wall area 21 is continuous, the inner edge 22 is interrupted by anumber of identical elongated elements 24 that project rearwardly fromthe inner surface of the upper section of the wall area 12 and extendradially inwardly from the arcuately shaped Wall area 21. The elements24 have broad outer end portions 25 and taper uniformly to relativelynarrow blunt inner end portions 26 disposed a substantial distance fromthe arcu- .ate portion 17 of the rib 16. Referring particularly toFigure 6, the opposite end portions of the arcua-tely shaped wall area21 merge respectively with the straight portions 18-18 of the rib 16 sothat the rearwardly presenting or under surfaces of the arcuately shapedwall area 21 and the rib 16, the boss 20 and the several taperedelements 24 are coplanar. Alte'rnately arranged with the several taperedelements 24 and the straight portions 18-18 of the rib 16 are a numberof keyways designated 27' that are formed in the rearwardly presenting,relatively depressed surface of the upper section of the wall area 12,which keyways extend from the top edge 14 thereof radially inwardly tothe arcuately shaped portion 17 of the rib 16.

The holder also has a generally circular body member designated 27. Thebody member 27 has a relatively thin flat principal wall area 28 whichis bounded by a peripheral edge 29. Projecting forwardly from abottommost portion of the wall area 28 is a round boss 30; projectingforwardly from an outer marginal portion of the wall area 28 is a flange31 which extends through an arc of approximately 220; and projectingforwardly from an inner portion of the wall area 28 is a thick wall area32. An outer peripheral edge 33 of the wall area 32 extends along an arcof approximately 220, and an inner peripheral edge 34 of the wall area32 likewise extends along an arc of approximately 220, terminating inoutwardly extending peripheral edges 35-35 connecting the outer edge 33with the inner edge 34. While the inner edge 34 is continuous, the outeredge 33 is interrupted by a number of identical elongated recesses 36that extend radially inwardly. The recesses 36 are broad at their outerends and taper uniformly to relatively narrow blunt inner ends disposeda substantial distance from the inner edge 34 of the thick wall area 32,there being formed thereby a number of elongated corresponding taperedelements designated 37 that extend radially outwardly from the innermarginal portion of the thick wall area 32. The outer ends of thesetapered elements 37 are thickened to provide portions 38 raised somewhatabove the surface of the inner portions 39 thereof.

Referring particularly to Figures 5 and 13, before assembly of the bodymember 27 with the cover plate 11, the flange 31 of the body member 27projects forwardly in its entirety perpendicularly to the plane of thewall area 28, as shown in broken lines. When the body member 27 and thecover plate 11 are fitted one to the other and preliminarily to beingpermanently secured together, the arcuately shaped wall area 21 of thecover plate 11 is received in the complementally shaped space betweenthe wall area 32 and the flange 31 of the body member 27; the wall area32 of the body member 27 is received in the complementally shaped spacedefined by arcuately shaped wall area 21 of the cover plate 11 and therib 16 of the cover plate 11, the several elongated elements 24 of thecover plate 11 being received in the several complementally shapedrecesses 36 of the body member 27; and the boss 30 of the body member 27is received in a complementally shaped recess 40 formed in the boss 20of the cover plate 11. Referring particularly to Figure 3, after thebody member 27 and the cover plate 11 are fitted together in the mannerjust described, the flange 31 of the body member 27 is turned inwardlyover the outer edge 23 of the cover plates arcuately shaped wall area21, the body member 27 and the cover plate 11 being thereby permanentlysecured together with the coplanar rearwardly presenting or undersurfaces of the cover plate 11, referred to hereinbefore, abutting theforwardly presenting surface of the wall area 28 of the body member 27,and with the bottom edge 13 of the cover plate 11 in registry with thecorresponding portion of the edge 29 of the body members wall area 28.The turned down flange 31 is curved, as at 41, and the height of theflange 31 measured from the rearwardly presenting or under surface ofthe body member 27 corresponds substantially to the thickness of thebody member 27 measured through the outer end portion 38 of an elongatedelement 37 of the body member 27.

The holder 10 which is formed by permanently securing together the bodymember 27 and the cover plate 11 is provided with a series of radiallyextending openings 42 adapted to receive the shanks of a group of toothmounting members 43, to be described hereinafter. Referring particularlyto Figures 3 and 4, throughout the major portion of their lengths theseveral openings 42 are defined by the forwardly presenting surface ofthe inner comparatively thin portions of the body member wall area 32,rearwardly presenting surface of the upper section of the cover platewall area 12, and the several tapering surfaces of the elongatedelements 24 designated 44 and corresponding surfaces of the straight ribportions 18-18 of the cover plate 11. The entrances to the openings 42are slightly restricted due to the increased thickness of the outer endportions 38 of the body member elongated elements 37.

Referring to Figures 10 and 11, the tooth mounting members 43 aregenerally flat elongated members each having a shank 45 surmounted by ahead 46. The shank 45 is comparatively broad through its middle andtapers uniformly to a narrower width at the head 46, and likewise to anarrower width at its lower end. The lower end portion of the shank 45is recessed along its opposite sides so as to form a centrallongitudinally extending key 47 and comparatively thin wall areas 48-48flanking the key 47. Extending across the shank 45 just above the thinwall areas 48-48 is a rearwardly projecting protuberance 49 having anupwardly presenting ledge 50 and a contiguous surface 51 slopingdownwardly and inwardly from the ledge 50. The tooth 52 to be displayedis pivotally secured to the head 46 of the mounting member 42, as by apin (not shown) projected through a hole 53 formed in the head 46.

Referring particularly to Figure 3A, in order to insert a tooth mountingmember 43 into the holder 10, the tooth mounting member 43 is axiallyaligned with a selected opening 42 in the holder 10 and then movedaxially thereinto. Initially, the shank 45 of the mounting member 43only moves to the broken line position shown, but subsequent movementforces the shank 45 to flex slightly as the sloping surface 51 of theprotuberance 49 passes over the curved surface 41 of the flange 31.Referring particularly to Figure 3, as the tooth mounting member 43approaches full engagement with the holder 10, the protuberance 49automatically snaps under the flange 31. The key 47 formed on the shank45, of course, is received by the keyway 27 formed in the cover platewall area 12, while the tapering thin wall areas 48-48 of the shank 45are received between the correspondingly tapered opposed sides 44-44 ofthe adjacent pair of elongated elements 24-24 of the cover plate 11. Inaddition, the shank 45 of the mounting member 43 is of such a lengththat, when fully engaged with the holder 10, the lower end thereof abutsthe arcuately shaped rib portion 17 of the cover plate 11, the tooth 52mounted on the opposite end of the mounting member 43 being held outbeyond the periphery of the holder 10 in plain view, as shown in Figures1 and 2. It will be apparent that the tooth mounting member 43 issecured against axial displacement in one direction by the aforesaid ribportion 17, and is secured against accidental axial displacement in theopposite direction by the aforesaid flange 31, which engages theprotuberance 49 formed on the shank 45. In order to remove the toothmounting member 43 from the holder 10, it is merely necessary to graspthe top thereof and to pull outwardly with sufficient force to cause theprotuberance 49 formed on the shank 45 to move outwardly in contact withthe curved surface 41 of the flange 31. After the protuberance 49 haspassed the flange 31, the tooth mounting member 43 may be moved freelywithout further resistance, to fully disengage the same from the holder10.

Now, referring particularly to Figures 2, 3, 3A, 4, 5 and 16 through 25,the tooth shade guide of the present invention additionally comprises aholder designated 60 which has a cover plate designated 61. The coverplate 61 has a principal wall area designated 62 which is bounded by abottom edge 63, a top edge 64 and edges 65-65. At the bottommost portionof the wall area 62 is a rib 66 disposed perpendicularly to the plane ofand extending both forwardly and rearwardly from the wall area 62. Therib 66 defines a generally oval opening designated 67 one end of whichis closed by an end wall 68 disposed in forwardly spaced parallelrelation to the wall area 62. To the rear of the wall area 62 are a nb69 the component parts of which are designated 70, '7171, and 72-72, therib part 7272 merging with the rib 66 aforesaid; a wall area 73 whichhas an inner edge 74 and an outer edge 75; and a series of elements 76which have outer end portions designated 77 and inner end portionsdesignated 78. Referring particularly to Figure 16, the rearwardlypresenting or under surfaces of the wall area 73 and the rib 69, the rib66 and the several elements 76 are coplanar.

The holder 60 also has a body member designated 79. The body member 79has a principal wall area 80 which is bounded by an edge 81. In front ofthe wall area 80 are a boss 82, a flange 83 and a wall area 84, whichhas an outer edge 85 and an inner edge 86. The wall area 84 is recessedas at 87 to form a number of elongated elements designated 88.

The cover plate 61 and the body member 79 of the holder 60 are assembledin the manner already described for assembling the cover plate 11 andthe body member 27 of the holder 10. Except as indicated hereinabove,the holder 68 is the same in all essential respects as the holder 10, inconsequence of which a further detailed description of structuralfeatures and the manner of assembly is believed to be unnecessary for afull understanding of the present invention. However, it should be notedthat the boss 82 is received in the enlarged portion of the oval opening67 at the base of the rib 66, the turned down flange 83 is curved as at89, and the height of the flange 83 measured from the rearwardlypresenting or under surface of the body member 79 correspondssubstantially to the thickness of the body member 79 measured through anelongated element 88. In addition, it will be noted that the elongatedmember 88 is of uniform thickness throughout its entire length, and thatno keyways are provided in the principal wall area 62 between theelongated elements 88. Furthermore, the holder 60 which is formed bypermanently securing together the body member 79 and the cover plate 61is provided with a series of radially extending openings 91) adapted toreceive the shanks of a group of tooth mounting members 91, to bedescribed hereinafter. Referring particularly to Figures 3 and 4, theseveral openings 90 are defined by the forwardly presenting surface ofthe body member wall area 34-, the rearwardly presenting surface of theupper section of the cover plate wall area 62, and the several taperingsurfaces of the elongated elements 76 designated 92 and correspondingsurfaces of the rib portions 7171 of the cover plate 61.

Referring to Figures 20 and 21, the tooth mounting members 91 aregenerally flat elongated members each having a shank 93 surmounted by ahead 94-. The shank 93 is comparatively broad through its middle andtapers uniformly to a narrower width at the head 94, and like- Wise to anarrower width at its lower end. Extending across the shank 93 justbelow its broadest part is a rearwardly projecting rounded protuberance95. The tooth 96 to be displayed is pivotally secured to the head 94 ofthe mounting member 91, as by a pin (not shown) projected through a hole97 formed in the head 94.

Referring particularly to Figure 3A, in order to insert a tooth mountingmember 91 into the holder 60, the tooth mounting member 91 is axiallyalined with a selected opening 90 in the holder 60 and then movedaxially thereinto. Initially, the shank 93 of the mounting member 91only moves to the broken line position shown, but subsequent movementforces the shank 93 to flex slightly as the rounded protuberance 95passes over the curved surface 89 of the flange 83. Referringparticularly to Figure 3, as the tooth mounting member 91 approachesfull engagement with the holder 60, the protuberance 95 automaticallysnaps under the flange 83. The tapering sides of the lower end of theshank 93 are received between the correspondingly tapered opposed'sides92-92 of the adjacent pair of elongated elements 76-76 of the coverplate 61. In addition, the shank 93 of the mounting member 91 is of sucha length that, when fully engaged with the holder 60, the lower endthereof abuts the arcuately shaped rib portion 70 of the cover plate 61,the tooth 96 mounted on the opposite end of the mounting member 91 beingheld out beyond the periphery of the holder 60 in plain view, as shownin Figures 1 and 2. It will be apparent that the tooth mounting member91 is secured against axial displacement in one direction by theaforesaid rib portion 70, and is secured against accidental axialdisplacement in the opposite direction by the aforesaid flange 83, whichengages the protuberance formed on the shank 93. In order to remove thetooth mounting member 91 from the holder 60, it is merely necessary tograsp the top thereof and to pull outwardly with sufficient force tocause the protuberance 95 formed on the shank 93 to move outwardly incontact with the curved surface 89 of the flange 83. After theprotuberance 95 has passed the flange 83, the tooth mounting member 91may be moved freely without further resistance, to fully disengage thesame from the holder 60.

The holders 10 and 60 are secured together by a tubular eyelet or arivet 98 projected through alined apertures 99 in the boss 20 of thecover plate 11 and 100 in the boss 30 of the body member 27, 101 in thewall area 68 of the cover plate 61 and 182 in the boss 82 of the bodymember 79. The upset opposite end portions of the element 98 arereceived in recesses formed in the forwardly presenting surface of thecover plate 11 and the rearwardly presenting surface of the body member79, designated respectively by the numerals 103 and 104. When securedtogether as aforesaid, the holder 10 is positioned in advance of theholder 60 so as to substantially overlie the latter, with the rearwardlypresenting outer surface of its body member 27 disposed substantiallyflatwise against the forwardly presenting outer surface of the wall area68 of the cover plate 61. Of course, the holders 10 and 60 may be swungabout the axis of the element 98, relative to one another.

Each of the openings 42 in the holder 19 normally accommodates a toothmounting member 43, and each of the openings 90 in the holder 60normally accommodates a tooth mounting member 91. The teeth displayed bythe holders 10 and 60 of the tooth shade guide may all be of the samematerial, but normally the teeth displayed by the holder 10 are made ofa material different from that of the teeth displayed by the holder 69.For example, those mounted in the holder 18 may be of synthetic plastic,and those mounted in the holder 69 may be of porcelain. In view of theforegoing, it is preferable to provide against any possibility ofinserting a tooth mounting member 43 in one of the openings 99 of theholder 60, or a tooth mounting member 91 in one of the openings 42 ofthe holder 11). To this end, the thickness of the tooth mounting member43 measured through the key 47 is made greater than the correspondingdimension of the openings 90 in the holder 61 the thickness of the toothmounting member 91 is made greater than the smaller of the twocorresponding dimensions at the entrances to the openings 42 in theholder 18, and the width of the tooth mounting member 91 measured at thelower end thereof is made approximately the same as the width of thekeyways 27 in the holder 19. In consequence of the foregoing, the toothmounting members 43 cannot be accommodated by the holder 69, and thetooth mounting members 91 cannot be accommodated by the holder 11).

In use the tooth shade guide may be fanned out to facilitate thematching process. When not in use, the tooth shade guide may becompactly stacked. In ad dition the holders 10 and 61) may beconstructed as in dependent units.

It will be understood, of course, that the present invention issusceptible of various changes and modifications which may be made fromtime to time without involving any departure from the general principlesor real spirit thereof. For example, while the holders and the toothmounting members may be made of synthetic plastic, they may likewise bemade of some other material, for example, metal. Accordingly, it isintended to claim the same broadly, as well as specifically, asindicated in the appended claims.

What is claimed as new and useful is:

1. In a tooth shade guide, the combination of a plurality of elongatedtooth mounting members, and a disc shaped holder therefor, said holdercomprising a body member, and a cover for the latter, said toothmounting members being disposed between said body member and cover inradially extending angularly spaced openings formed conjointly by saidbody member and cover, being positioned in side by side relation, andbeing of a length suflicient for extending outwardly through saidopenings beyond the periphery of said holder, said tooth mountingmembers and holder being provided with means for removably securing saidtooth mounting members against accidental displacement from said holder,said means being in the form of complementary elements associatedrespectively with the outer marginal portion of said holder and theportions of said tooth mounting members opposite the same.

2. In a tooth shade guide, the combination of a plurality of elongatedtooth mounting members, and a disc shaped holder therefor, said holdercomprising a body member, and a cover for the latter, said cover havingan outer wall area disposed in overlying relation to a flanged marginalportion of said body member in contact therewith, an inner wall areadisposed in overlying spaced relation to the portion of said body membercontiguous to said marginal portion of the body member, and meansconnecting said wall areas and maintaining said inner wall area in thespaced relation aforesaid, said flange being turned inwardly. over saidouter wall area for securing together said body member and cover, saidtooth mounting members being disposed in side by side relation in thespace between said body member and inner wall area of the cover, beingof a length sufiicient for extending radially outwardly beyond saidflange, and being provided with protuberances disposed inwardly of saidflange and operative to engage the same for removably securing saidtooth mounting members against accidental displacement from said holder.

3. In a tooth shade guide, the combination of a plurality of elongatedtooth mounting members, and a disc shaped holder therefor, said holdercomprising a body member, and a cover for the latter, said coveringhaving an outer wall area disposed in overlying relation to a flangedmarginal portion of said body member in contact therewith, an inner wallarea disposed in overlying spaced relation to the portion of said bodymember contiguous to said marginal portion of the body member, and meansconnecting said wall areas and maintaining said inner wall area in thespaced relation aforesaid, said means being spaced relative to oneanother to provide entrances to the space between said body member andinner wall area, said flange being turned inwardly over said outer wallarea for permanently securing together said body member and cover, saidtooth mounting members being disposed in side by side relation in thespace between said body member and inner wall area of the cover, beingof a length sufl-icient for extending radially outwardly through saidentrances beyond said flange, and being provided with rearwardlyprojecting protuberances disposed inwardly of said flange and operativeto engage the same for removably securing said tooth mounting membersagainst accidental displacement from said holder.

4. In a tooth shade guide, the combination of a plurality of elongatedtooth mounting members, and a disc shaped holder therefor, said holdercomprising a body member and a cover for the latter, said cover havingan outer wall area disposed in overlying relation to a flanged marginalportion of said body member in contact therewith, an inner wall areadisposed in overlying spaced relation to the portion of said body membercontiguous to said marginal portion of the body member and radiallyextending angularly spaced means connecting said wall areas andmaintaining said inner wall area in the spaced relation aforesaid, saidflange being turned inwardly over said outer wall area for permanentlysecuring together said body member and cover, said tooth mountingmembers being arranged alternately with said angularly spaced means, inthe space between said body member and inner wall area of the cover,being of a length sufficient for extending radially outwardly beyondsaid flange, and being provided with rearwardly projecting protuberancesdisposed inwardly of said flange and operative to engage the same forremovably securing said tooth mounting members against accidentaldisplacement from said holder.

5. In a tooth shade guide, the combination of a multiplicity ofelongated tooth mounting members arranged in a plurality of groups, anda disc shaped holder for each group aforesaid, said holders beingcompactly stacked one over the other and being pivotally securedtogether to form a unitary device in which the several holders may befanned out, each of said holders comprising a body member, and a coverfor the latter, each group of tooth mounting members being disposedbetween the associated body member and cover in radially extendingangularly spaced openings formed conjointly by said body member andcover, being positioned in side by side relation, and being of a lengthsufficient for extending outwardly through said openings beyond theperiphery of the holder, said tooth mounting members and holders beingprovided with means for removably securing said tooth mounting membersagainst accidental displacement from said holders, said means being inthe form of complementary elements associated respectively with theouter marginal portions of said holders and the portions of said toothmounting members opposing the same.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,479,543 Russell Aug. 16, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS 155,614 SwitzerlandSept. 1, 1932

